Chloraprep Solution Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Precautions & Warnings

Generic drug of the Therapeutic class: Dermatology
Active ingredients: Chlorhexidine , Isopropyl alcohol

what is chloraprep ?

• Chlorhexidine is a disinfectant. It inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi.
• For wounds, such as abrasions or cuts, if they are infected or if there is a risk of infection. Also to disinfect objects or to disinfect the skin before a minor procedure.
  And to prevent boils from recurring.
• Cream or lotion: first clean the wound with lukewarm water. Pat the skin dry. First let an abrasion dry in the air.
  Apply chlorhexidine. Some lotions are flammable. Therefore, stay away from an open flame such as a cigarette.
• Do you have a skin infection? Prevent the infection from spreading to other parts of the body or from infecting other people.
  Therefore, do not scratch the spots. If necessary, cover the affected skin with a plaster or bandage. Also use your own towel.
• You may experience mild skin irritation. Especially if you use it for more than a few weeks or on sensitive body parts. This will disappear by itself. Do you continue to suffer? Then consult your doctor.
• Do not get chlorhexidine in the eyes, mouth, or nose. This causes irritation.

what is chloraprep medication used for and indication?

Chlorhexidine is a disinfectant.

It is used for skin infections and to prevent infections. It is also used to prevent recurring infections such as boils .

Skin infection

Symptoms

• In case of a skin infection, bacteria penetrate the skin and cause inflammation. It can arise from damage to the skin, such as eczema, bedsores, cuts and razor wounds.
• You may notice a skin infection by redness, pain or itching, swelling or pus.

Operation

• Chlorhexidine fights different types of bacteria and some types of fungi. It destroys the cell wall of these bacteria and fungi, causing them to die.

Use

• With slightly infected scrapes or cuts, you can use chlorhexidine to disinfect the skin. The body then cleans up the bacteria itself.
• You can also use chlorhexidine to prevent infection. For example on the skin before a minor procedure or examination or on the skin and mucous membranes of the vagina after birth.
• The chlorhexidine solution is also applied to certain objects that need to be disinfected. Consult the instructions on the packaging or your pharmacy for this.

Wounds

chloraprep Dosage

Look for the correct dosage in the package insert or on the label of the pharmacy.

How?

Cream, lotion or solution

• First, clean the skin by rinsing with lukewarm water. Optionally, you can use a disinfectant soap or a pH-neutral wax emulsion. Avoid using regular soap as it can irritate the skin and make the condition worse.
• Then pat the skin dry.
• You can remove crusts by soaking them in baby oil or with a solution of 1 teaspoon of table salt in 1 glass of water, which you always prepare fresh.
• Then apply the cream, lotion or solution:
  • Cream : apply the cream thinly. If necessary, you can cover the rubbed area with a sterile bandage or plaster.
  • Lotion, solution : apply the solution with gauze to the wound and the skin around it. If necessary, you can cover the rubbed area with a sterile bandage or plaster. Some lotions are flammable. Therefore, stay away from an open flame such as a cigarette.
• Avoid contact with the eyes and do not let the medicine get into the mouth or nose as this can cause irritation. If it does get into the eyes, rinse immediately with water.
• Note: This medicine can stain clothes or linens. These are difficult to wash out.
• In case of a skin infection, try to prevent others from becoming infected and the condition from spreading further into the body by taking the following measures.
• Do not scratch the spots. Cut the nails short and tape off the affected skin if necessary. Always clean under the nails.
• Use your own towel.

Liquid soap solution

This is usually used to disinfect the skin prior to an operation or procedure. Doctors and nurses also use the soap to disinfect their hands. It is also used to prevent recurring infections such as boils.

• Apply the soap solution to damp skin. Rub in for several minutes. Foam will form. Rinse and dry with sterile gauze if necessary.
• Avoid contact with the eyes and do not let the medicine get into the mouth or nose as this can cause irritation. If it does get into the eyes, rinse immediately with water.
• Note: This medicine can stain clothes or linens. These are difficult to wash out.

When?

• Divide the treatments as well as possible over the day. Then the drug has a constant effect. How long it works depends on the strength of the preparation. The stronger preparations (0.5% chlorhexidine or more) work for about six hours. You can apply these products every six hours.

How long?

• You can apply this drug for as long as you want. Bacteria usually do not become insensitive to this drug, even if you use it for a long time.
• If the condition spreads, you should contact the doctor.

chloraprep Contraindications

This medication is contraindicated in patients who have experienced hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine, isopropyl alcohol or orange yellow S (E110).

how does chloraprep work?

Pharmacotherapeutic group: chlorhexidine in combination, ATC code: D08AC52 .

Action mechanism

• Antiseptics of the bisbiguanide family destroy bacterial cells by non-specific interaction with acidic phospholipids in the cell membrane.
• Chlorhexidine Gluconate is a cationic biguanide. Its antimicrobial activity is related to the destruction of the cell membrane and the precipitation of the contents of the cell. It has a bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect on a large number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is relatively ineffective against mycobacteria. It inhibits certain viruses and is found to be active against certain fungi. It is inactive against bacterial spores. It has a higher residual power compared to currently available skin antiseptics. Chlorhexidine gluconate has a strong binding power with the skin and a documented cutaneous residual power at 48 hours. Chlorhexidine gluconate is not neutralized in the presence of organic substances.
• Isopropyl alcohol is a fast acting, broad spectrum bactericidal antiseptic, but it is not considered to be persistent. It seems to act according to a mechanism of protein denaturation.

Pharmacodynamic effects

• CHLORAPREP, solution for skin application is a sterile antiseptic solution combining 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 70% isopropyl alcohol, which is effective in rapidly and persistently reducing the bacterial density on various parts of the body for a large spectrum of organisms. Isopropyl alcohol (70%) ensures the immediate destruction of transient and resident microorganisms on the stratum corneum, and chlorhexidine gluconate (2%) binds to the surface layers of cells in the epidermis and exerts a residual antimicrobial effect (persistent) which prevents the multiplication of microorganisms.

Clinical efficacy and safety

Clinical studies with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol have shown that this combination has equal or similar effectiveness in reducing skin bacterial load and more sustained antibacterial effects over longer periods after application compared to components used alone and other commonly used antiseptics such as povidone iodine.

CHLORAPREP, solution for skin application meets European standards for chemical disinfectants and antiseptic products:

• Standard EN 1040 – Basic bactericidal activity (phase 1)
• Standard EN 1275 – Basic fungicidal activity (phase 1)
• Standard EN 13727 – Bactericidal activity (phase 2 / step 1)
• Standard EN 13624 – Fungicidal activity (phase 2 / step 1)

CHLORAPREP meets these EN criteria for bactericidal and fungicidal activity against the following organisms with contact times between 5 and 15 minutes, with the exception of Aspergillus brasiliensis. Additional tests of undiluted CHLORAPREP against Aspergillus brasiliensis for an exposure time of up to 60 minutes met the criteria of EN 13624, as indicated below:

Table: In vitro microbicidal effects

Strain	Contact time	Conditions	Result	EN criteria
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	5 minutes	100%, 75%, 50%	> 5.69 log reduction	EN 1040
Staphylococcus aureus	5 minutes	100%, 75%, 50%	> 4.67 log reduction	EN 1040
Candida albicans	15 min	100%, 75%, 50%	> 4.25 log reduction	EN 1275
Enterococcus hirae	5 minutes	100%, 75%, 50% in a solution of bovine serum albumin at 0.3 g / l	> 5.71 log reduction	EN 13727
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	5 minutes	100%, 75%, 50% in a solution of bovine serum albumin at 0.3 g / l	> 5.55 log reduction	EN 13727
Staphylococcus aureus	5 minutes	100%, 75%, 50% in a solution of bovine serum albumin at 0.3 g / l	> 5.78 log reduction	EN 13727
Candida albicans	15 min	100%, 75%, 50% in a solution of bovine serum albumin at 0.3 g / l	> 4.17 log reduction	EN 13624
Aspergillus brasiliensis	60 mins	100%	> 4.26 log reduction	EN 13624

chloraprep Side Effects

Skin disorders

• In very rare cases (<1 / 10,000), allergic skin reactions or skin irritation to chlorhexidine and isopropyl alcohol have been reported: erythema, rash (erythematous, papular or maculopapular), pruritus and blisters or blisters on the application site. Other local symptoms include a burning sensation, pain and inflammation of the skin.
• Frequency is unknown for: dermatitis, eczema, urticaria, chemical burns in newborns.

Immune disorders

• The frequency is not known for: hypersensitivity including anaphylactic shock (see sections Contraindications and Warnings and precautions for use).
• The most frequently reported adverse reactions are related to application site reactions. It was noted that these reactions occurred most often in the application area (that is to say at the site to be prepared) and only very rarely spread. These reactions were often transient, or disappeared following topical treatment with corticosteroids or antihistamines. The most frequently reported reactions were mild in nature; they included rash, erythema, blisters, pain or itching localized at the application site. The frequency, nature and severity of adverse reactions in children are expected to be the same as in adults.
• Cases of anaphylactic reactions have been reported during anesthesia.

Eye disorders:

• The frequency is unknown for: eye irritation, pain, hyperemia, impaired vision, chemical burn, eye injury.

Description of selected adverse reactions:

• There have been spontaneous reports of generalized allergic reactions potentially associated with ChloraPrep solutions and reported during anesthesia. In some cases, the patient may have had a pre-established sensitivity to chlorhexidine .
• This product can cause severe allergic reactions. Symptoms may include wheezing, difficulty breathing, shock, swelling of the face, hives, or rash. The use of CHLORAPREP, solution for skin application is contraindicated when patients have shown a history of hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine or isopropyl alcohol (see section Contraindications). If hypersensitivity or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use and seek medical help immediately.

chloraprep Interactions

Effects on ability to Drive and use machines

There are no restrictions for this with this medication.

Warnings and Precautions

The solution is flammable . Do not use electrocautery procedures or sources of ignition until the skin is completely dry.

• Remove all materials, sheets and soaked gowns before continuing the procedure. Do not use excessive amounts and do not allow the solution to stagnate in folds of the skin or under the patient or drip on sheets or other materials in direct contact with the patient. When occlusive dressings are to be applied to areas previously exposed to CHLORAPREP, solution for skin application, ensure that there is no excess of product before applying the dressing.
• For external use only on healthy skin.
• CHLORAPREP, solution for skin application contains chlorhexidine. Chlorhexidine is known to induce hypersensitivity, including generalized allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock. The prevalence of hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine is not known, but the existing literature suggests that it is probably very rare. CHLORAPREP, solution for skin application should not be administered to anyone with a history of allergy to a compound containing chlorhexidine.
• The solution is irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. It should therefore be kept away from these areas. If the solution comes into contact with the eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water.
• Do not use on open skin wounds. Do not use on skin with lesions or cuts. In addition, direct contact with nerve tissue or the middle ear should be avoided.
• Prolonged skin contact with solutions containing alcohol should be avoided.
• It is important to ensure that the recommended method of application is strictly followed (see section Dosage and method of administration above). If the solution is applied too vigorously to very fragile or sensitive skin, or if used repeatedly, a local skin reaction may occur: erythema or inflammation, pruritus, dry and / or flaky skin and pain in the chest area. site. At the first signs of a local skin reaction, stop applying CHLORAPREP, solution for skin application.
• Anaphylactic reactions during anesthesia.
• Products containing chlorexhidine are known causes of anaphylactic reactions during anesthesia.
• Symptoms of anaphylactic reactions may be masked in the anesthetized patient. For example, a significant portion of the skin may be covered or the patient is unable to communicate early symptoms.
• If symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction are detected during anesthesia (eg sudden drop in blood pressure, hives, angioedema), an allergic reaction associated with chlorexhidine should be considered. When an allergic reaction associated with chlorhexidine during anesthesia is suspected, other products containing chlorhexidine and used during anesthesia (eg IV lines) should be removed. Special care should be taken to avoid exposure of patients to any other product containing chlorhexidine during treatment.

Pediatric population

• The use of chlorhexidine solutions, alcoholic and aqueous, for antisepsis of the skin before invasive procedures has been associated with chemical burns in newborns. Based on available case reports and published literature, this risk appears to be higher in premature infants, especially those born before 32 weeks of pregnancy, and in the first 2 weeks of life.

PREGNANCY & BREAST-FEEDING & FERTILITY

There are no studies on the use of this product in pregnant or breastfeeding women.

Pregnancy

• No effects during pregnancy are expected as systemic exposure to chlorhexidine gluconate is negligible. ChloraPrep can be used during pregnancy.

Feeding with milk

• No effects in breastfed newborns / infants are expected as the systemic exposure of lactating women to chlorhexidine gluconate is negligible. ChloraPrep can be used during breast-feeding.

Fertility

• The effects of chlorhexidine gluconate on human reproduction have not been studied.

What happens if I overdose from chloraprep ?

What should I do if I miss a dose?

If you have forgotten to apply the medicine, do so unless it is almost time for the next treatment. There is no point in applying a double amount. If necessary, you can shift your schedule slightly, but make sure that it is evenly distributed throughout the day.

What happens if you stop taking chloraprep ?

If you are taking the medicine to treat an infected wound, you should not stop just like that. Chances are that not all bacteria will have disappeared and the contamination may persist or return. If the wound improves visibly, you can stop without further ado.

What is  Forms and Composition ?

NOT’s

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general information:

• Includes a general description of the drug, its use, brand names, FAQs, and relevant news and articles

Additional information:

• General explanation about dealing with the medicine: how to take the medicine, the doses and times of it, the start and duration of its effectiveness, the recommended diet during the period of taking the medicine, the method of storage and storage, recommendations in cases for forgetting the dose and instructions to stop taking the drug and take additional doses.

Special warnings:

• For pregnant and breastfeeding women, the elderly, boys and drivers, and use before surgery.

Side effects:

• It treats possible side effects and drug interactions that require attention and its effect on continuous use.
• The information contained in this medicine is based on medical literature, but it is not a substitute for consulting a doctor.