xalatan eye drops Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Precautions & Warnings

What is Xalatan used for and  indication?

Tell your doctor, the doctor treating your child or your pharmacist before taking XALATAN or before giving it to your child, if any of the situations below apply to you or your child:

• if you or your child are due to have eye surgery or have had it before (including cataract surgery),
• if you or your child have other eye problems (eye pain, irritation or inflammation, blurred vision),
• if you or your child have dry eyes,
• if you or your child has severe or poorly controlled asthma,
• if you or your child wear contact lenses. You can use XALATAN as long as you follow the instructions.
• if you have suffered or are currently suffering from a viral infection of the eye caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).

what xalatan dosage?

Dosage XALATAN 0.005% Eye drops in solution Box of 1 Dropper bottle of 2.5 mlThe recommended dosage for adults (including the elderly) :

• The recommended dosage is one drop in the affected eye (s) once daily.
• The optimum effect is obtained when XALATAN is administered in the evening.
• The dose of XALATAN should not exceed 1 instillation per day, in fact, it has been shown that a higher frequency of administration decreases the hypotensive effect on intraocular pressure.
• If you forget, the treatment should be continued normally, with the next instillation.
• As with all eye drops, in order to reduce possible systemic absorption, pressure of the lacrimal sac (punctual occlusion) at the level of the internal canthus, for one minute, is recommended after each instillation.
• Contact lenses should be removed before instillation of the eye drops and can be put back in 15 minutes afterwards.
• In the event of concomitant use of several eye drops, the instillations of each of the eye drops must be spaced at least five minutes apart.

Pediatric population :

XALATAN eye drops, solution can be used in children at the same dosage as in adults. No data are available in preterm infants (gestational age less than 36 weeks). Data in the age group <1 year (4 patients) are limited .

Contraindications

Known hypersensitivity to any of the constituents of the drug.

Xalatan Eye Drops Side Effects

The majority of side effects relate to the ocular system. In an open-label clinical trial studying the safety of latanoprost over 5 years, 33% of patients developed an increase in iris pigmentation (see section 4.4 ). Other ocular side effects are usually transient and occur after dosing.

Adverse reactions are categorized according to their frequency of occurrence, as follows: very common (≥1 / 10), common (≥1 / 100, <1/10), uncommon (≥1 / 1000, <1/100) , rare (≥1 / 10,000, <1/1000) and very rare (<1/10000). Not known (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data).

Infections and infestations:

• Frequency not known: Herpetic keratitis.

Eye disorders:

• Very common: Increased iris pigmentation, mild or moderate conjunctival hyperemia; eye irritation (burning sensation, grain of sand, itching, stinging and sensation of a foreign body), changes in eyelashes and eyelid down (increase in length, thickness, pigmentation and number) (mostly identified in the Japanese population).
• Common: Transient superficial punctate keratitis, most often asymptomatic; blepharitis; eye pain.
• Uncommon: Palpebral edema; dry eyes; keratitis; blurry vision ; conjunctivitis.
• Rare: Iritis / uveitis (mostly reported in patients with associated predisposing risk factors); macular edema; corneal edema and symptomatic corneal ulcerations, periorbital edema; misdirected eyelashes sometimes causing eye irritation; additional row of eyelashes at the opening of the meibomian glands (distichiasis), photophobia.
• Very rare: periorbital and eyelid changes resulting in deepening of the eyelid groove.
• Frequency not known: iris cyst.

Nervous system disorders :

Frequency not known: Headache, dizziness.

Cardiac disorders :

• Very rare: Aggravation of angina pectoris in patients with pre-existing anginal pathology.
• Frequency not known: Palpitations.

Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders :

• Rare: Asthma, worsening asthma and dyspnea.

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders :

• Uncommon: Skin rashes.
• Rare: Local skin reaction in the eyelids; darker eyelid coloration.

Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders :

• Frequency not known: Myalgia; arthralgia.

General disorders and administration site conditions :

• Very rare: Chest pain.
• Cases of corneal calcification have been reported rarely with the use of eye drops containing phosphate in patients with significant corneal damage.

Pediatric population

In 2 short-term clinical trials (≤ 12 weeks) including 93 (25 and 68) pediatric patients, the safety profile was comparable to that in adults and no new adverse effects were identified. The short-term safety profiles in the different pediatric subgroups remained comparable (see section Pharmacodynamic properties ). The side effects observed more frequently in children than in adults are: nasopharyngitis and fever.

How it works ?

• Latanoprost (MW 432.58) is an isopropyl ester type prodrug, in itself inactive, which becomes biologically active after hydrolysis to acid of latanoprost.
• The prodrug is well absorbed by the cornea, and all of the substance entering the aqueous humor is hydrolyzed during passage through the cornea.
• Studies in humans have shown that the peak concentration in aqueous humor is reached approximately two hours after topical administration. After topical application in monkeys, latanoprost is distributed mainly to the anterior segment, the conjunctiva and the eyelids. Only a tiny amount reaches the posterior segment.
• Latanoprost acid is hardly metabolized in the eye. The metabolism is mainly hepatic. Its plasma half-life in humans is 17 minutes. Animal studies have shown little or no activity of the acid metabolites of latanoprost, 1,2-dinor and 1,2,3,4-tetranor, which are mainly excreted in the urine.

Pediatric population

An open-label pharmacokinetic study of plasma acid concentrations of latanoprost was conducted in 22 adults and 25 pediatric patients (birth to age <18 years) with ocular hypertension and glaucoma. All age groups were treated with 0.005% latanoprost, one drop per day in each eye for a minimum of 2 weeks. Systemic acid exposure from latanoprost was approximately 2-fold higher in children aged 3 to <12 years and 6-fold higher in children under 3 years of age than in adults, but a wide margin of safety for the occurrence of systemic adverse reactions was maintained (see section Overdose). The mean time to peak plasma concentration was 5 minutes after dosing in all age groups.

The mean plasma elimination half-life was short (<20 minutes) and of the same order in pediatric and adult patients, not leading to accumulation of latanoprost acid in the systemic circulation at steady state. .

xalatan drug interactions

There are no safety data concerning the use of this medicinal product during pregnancy. It has potentially dangerous pharmacological effects on the course of pregnancy, the fetus or the newborn. Therefore, Xalatan should not be used during pregnancy.

Latanoprost and its metabolites can pass into breast milk and therefore Xalatan must not be used in women who are breast-feeding, or breast-feeding must be discontinued.

What happens if I overdose from SPEDIFEN ?

Symptoms :

• Apart from eye irritation and conjunctival hyperemia, no ocular adverse effects are known to be due to overdose of Xalatan.

Treatment :

• If Xalatan is accidentally swallowed, the following information may be helpful: One vial contains 125 micrograms of latanoprost.
• More than 90% of the active principle is metabolized during the first hepatic passage.
• Intravenous injection of latanoprost in healthy volunteers at a dose of 3 micrograms / kg did not produce any symptoms, but a dose between 5.5 and 10 micrograms / kg caused nausea, pain abdominal pain, dizziness, fatigue, hot flashes and sweating. In monkeys, latanoprost has been injected intravenously at doses up to 500 micrograms / kg, with no noticeable effect on the cardiovascular system.
• Intravenous administration of latanoprost in monkeys has been associated with transient bronchoconstriction.
• However, no bronchoconstriction has been observed in patients with moderate asthma after instillation of latanoprost at a dose equal to seven times the recommended therapeutic dose for Xalatan.
• In case of Xalatan overdose, treatment should be symptomatic.

What should I do if I miss a dose?